What are the principles of tunnel design?
The design of the tunnel should be based on the overall situation, comprehensively considering the requirements of the overall function of the highway, land resources, ecological environment, and sustainable development, to fully ensure that the main structure of the tunnel (slope body, gate, lining, pavement, etc.) is stable and reliable, avoiding diseases during operation happened.
In the design, people-oriented transportation service objectives should be implemented, the design principle of safety first should be adhered to, and the design concept of full life cycle cost should be established.
The overall design of highway tunnels should meet the requirements of transportation planning, environmental protection and natural landscape, and meet the service functions of highway transportation. The design speed of the tunnel, building limits, clearance section, etc. are determined by the road grade and technical standards of the road section where the tunnel is located.
Tunnel design should comprehensively consider the human environment, terrain, landform, geological and geological hazards, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake, traffic volume and its composition, operation and construction conditions in the area, and carry out technical, economic and environmental protection comparison of multiple schemes.
The choice of tunnel location should be based on the survey of topography, geomorphology, geology, meteorology, social humanities and environment, and comprehensively compare the direction, horizontal and vertical alignment of the axis scheme, and the location of the opening.
The horizontal and vertical lines inside and outside the tunnel should be coordinated to meet the safety and comfort requirements of driving.
The tunnel should be based on the geological conditions, surrounding environment, etc., to determine the cross-sectional setting form and the construction method suitable for the stratum characteristics and environmental requirements.
Tunnels are an important part of highway engineering, and tunnel design should run through the entire process of highway construction.
Tunnel-related facilities such as ventilation and disaster prevention shall be designed in accordance with the design capacity of the tunnel. However, when the design traffic volume of the tunnel is less than half of its design capacity, the design traffic control design of the tunnel can be adopted to save investment.
The design of the tunnel should be based on the structure type, construction method, use conditions and load characteristics, adopt the design concept and method suitable for its characteristics, and combine on-site monitoring and measurement to achieve information design and dynamic design.
The design of the tunnel should implement the relevant national technical and economic policies, and actively promote new technologies, new materials, new equipment, and new processes; measures should be put forward in the design to ensure the safety of construction workers and prevent production safety accidents.
